A new policy paper published by the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) has put forth a compelling case for a deepened trilateral partnership between South Korea, India, and the United States. The paper, titled “A Policy Agenda for Trilateral Cooperation,” argues that these three democratic nations, with their complementary strengths and shared strategic interests, are uniquely positioned to address some of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. The proposed cooperation framework extends across technology, defense, and economic security, with a significant focus on building resilient supply chains for critical and emerging technologies, including electric vehicles (EVs).
The Convergence of Strengths and Interests
The rationale for this trilateral partnership is rooted in the unique capabilities that each country brings to the table:
- United States: A global leader in foundational research, advanced technology, and venture capital, with a vast and innovative private sector.
- South Korea: A powerhouse in manufacturing, with world-class expertise in semiconductors, batteries, and advanced materials.
- India: A rapidly growing economy with a demographic dividend, a burgeoning digital ecosystem, and a strong ambition to become a global manufacturing hub.
The paper argues that by aligning their policies and resources, these three countries can create a powerful synergy that enhances their collective security and prosperity.
Building Resilient Supply Chains for Critical Technologies
A key recommendation of the policy paper is the establishment of a robust, secure, and resilient supply chain for critical technologies, insulated from geopolitical risks. This is particularly relevant in the context of the global transition to clean energy and electric mobility. The paper identifies the EV sector as a prime area for trilateral cooperation, with each country playing a distinct yet complementary role:
- Semiconductors: The U.S. can lead in chip design and intellectual property, South Korea in advanced semiconductor manufacturing, and India in chip assembly, testing, and packaging (ATP).
- Batteries: South Korean companies like LG Energy Solution and Samsung SDI are global leaders in battery technology. India, with its ambitious EV targets and growing demand, can provide a massive market and a manufacturing base for battery packs. The U.S. can contribute with research in next-generation battery chemistries and access to critical raw materials through its network of international partnerships.
- Electric Vehicles: The trilateral partnership can facilitate the creation of a complete EV value chain, from R&D and component manufacturing to vehicle assembly and software development.
A Policy Roadmap for Action
The ORF paper outlines a series of actionable policy recommendations to bring this trilateral vision to life. These include:
- A Trilateral Critical and Emerging Technology Initiative: A formal mechanism to coordinate policies, share information, and facilitate joint R&D in areas like AI, quantum computing, and advanced materials.
- Joint Investment and Co-development: Encouraging cross-border investment and creating frameworks for the co-development of new technologies.
- Harmonization of Standards: Working towards common standards for critical technologies to ensure interoperability and facilitate trade.
- Talent Exchange and Skill Development: Promoting the exchange of researchers, engineers, and students to build a shared pool of human capital.
This proposed trilateral partnership represents a forward-looking approach to global challenges. By moving beyond traditional bilateral relationships and embracing a more networked form of cooperation, South Korea, India, and the United States can create a powerful axis of innovation, security, and economic growth in the Indo-Pacific and beyond.
