IIT Madras conducted a lifecycle analysis of vehicles traveling 300,000 km under India’s current grid conditions, which include 28% renewables. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) emitted 33 tons of CO2e, compared to 53.84 tons for internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This demonstrates BEVs’ clear emissions advantage despite grid challenges.
Lifecycle Emissions Breakdown
The study accounts for manufacturing, operation, and end-of-life phases. ICEVs produce higher tailpipe and upstream emissions from fossil fuels. BEVs benefit from electricity’s evolving mix, yielding 39% overall reduction.
Real-world grid intensity shapes outcomes, with cleaner energy amplifying gains.
Implications for India’s EV Shift
Policymakers gain data to prioritize BEV incentives alongside grid upgrades. Adoption now locks in future savings as renewables grow. The findings counter myths about coal dependency, urging accelerated transitions.
Industry leaders see validation for scaling production.
